Research within the orthodontic research unit involves clinical trials of a range of orthodontic interventions; recent multi-centre trials, sponsored by the Medical Research Council (UK) have provided new insights into treatment timing, and dental and psychological outcomes; the unit is presently publishing reports on a 20-year longitudinal study of the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment; flexibility is allowed within the parameters of the study to allow the research to evolve and instigate findings not envisaged at the outset of the work; this is complimented by a dedicated PhD training structure which provides critical skills training, personal development and progression milestones.